Katana Terminology Guide: The Language of the Japanese Sword

Decoding Katana Terminology: The Language of the Japanese Sword

To navigate the world of Japanese swords, whether you are reading historical texts or browsing a premium collection, you must understand katana terminology. This highly specific vocabulary reflects centuries of samurai sword craftsmanship. This guide demystifies the essential terms every collector should know.

The Blade Profile (Sugata)

The overall shape and geometry of the sword is called the sugata. Key terms include:

• Sori: The curvature of the blade. A deeper curve is typically found on older tachi, while katanas often feature a shallower curve (torii-sori).
• Moto-haba & Saki-haba: The width of the blade at the base (moto-haba) versus the width at the tip (saki-haba). The ratio between these two dictates the blade's taper and balance.
• Kasane: The thickness of the blade's spine. A thicker kasane indicates a blade built for heavy impact.

The Tang and Signature (Nakago & Mei)

The tang (nakago) is the unpolished portion of the steel hidden inside the handle. It is never cleaned or altered, as its natural rust patina helps authenticate the sword's age in japanese sword history.

• Mei: The swordsmith's signature, traditionally chiseled into the nakago.
• Mekugi-ana: The hole(s) drilled through the tang to secure the handle with bamboo pegs.

Understanding the Grain (Hada)

In traditional japanese forging, the repeated folding of the steel creates a visible surface texture known as hada. Recognizing these patterns is a hallmark of a knowledgeable collector:

• Itame: Wood grain pattern (the most common).
• Mokume: Burl wood pattern, featuring circular swirls.
• Masame: Straight, parallel grain lines.

Speak the language of the forge. Apply your knowledge of katana terminology as you explore the detailed specifications of our hand-forged blades.